Susceptibility status of larval <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Vector control programs worldwide are facing the challenge of mosquitoes becoming resistant to available insecticides. Larviciding is a crucial preventative measure for dengue but data on insecticide resistance larval Aedes aegypti in Middle East Region limited. This study assesses susceptibility status Ae. collected from two most important foci Saudi Arabia, Jeddah and Makkah, chemical biological larvicides; organophosphate temephos Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti). Whilst worldwide, particularly Latin America, high-level common, Makkah populations exhibited full both Bti. Larval bioassays did not detect or Bti where ratio <5 compared New Orleans susceptible strain. These suggest each can be considered by vector region, as part temporal rotations spatial mosaics manage resistance. either (all ratios standard